大腿骨ベースの内反膝はKJLOが2.2°外反だが、内側開大式高位脛骨骨切り術(MOWHTO)行うと術後更に3~5°外反する Goshima K, Sawaguchi T, Shigemoto K, Iwai S, Fujita K, Yamamuro Y. Comparison of Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes Between Normal and Overcorrected Medial Proximal Tibial Angle Groups After Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy. Arthroscopy. 2019 Oct;35(10):2898-2908.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.04.030. PMID: 31604511.
術後KJLOが4°以上だと不適切な接触圧の為か術後不良となるPark JG, Han SB, Jang KM. Association of preoperative tibial varus deformity with joint line orientation and clinical outcome after openwedge high tibial osteotomy for medial compartment osteoarthritis: a propensity score-matched analysis. Am J Sports Med. 2021; 49(13):3551-3560
また術後MPTA(脛骨骨軸と脛骨関節面内側との角度)が95°以上になっても関節内側に荷重かかるようになるため予後不良 Akamatsu Y, Kumagai K, Kobayashi H, Tsuji M, Saito T. Effect of increased coronal inclination of the tibial plateau after opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy. Arthroscopy. 2018;34(7):2158-2169.e2152.
①DFOは深屈曲時の大腿骨ー脛骨接触面積や接触圧が課題となりやすいため Wylie JD, Scheiderer B, Obopilwe E, et al. The effect of lateral opening wedge distal femoral varus osteotomy on tibiofemoral contact mechanics through knee flexion. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(13): 3237-3244
②そもそも大腿骨変形ベースの内反膝が全体の8%程度しかない Feucht MJ, Winkler PW, Mehl J, et al. Isolated high tibial osteotomy is appropriate in less than two-thirds of varus knees if excessive overcorrection of the medial proximal tibial angle should be avoided. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020;29(10):3299-3309.
②Joint lineを再現しないとだめな理由 →前後不安定性が生じるため 以下論文ではjoint lineを4mm上げた場合PF関節圧も屈曲90度時に著明に上がったと言及 なお2mm程度なら許容できる模様 Watanabe M, Kuriyama S, Nakamura S, Nishitani K, Tanaka Y, Sekiguchi K, Ito H, Matsuda S. Impact of intraoperative adjustment method for increased flexion gap on knee kinematics after posterior cruciate ligament-sacrificing total knee arthroplasty. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2019 Mar;63:85-94. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.02.018. Epub 2019 Feb 27. PMID: 30851566.